FOOLED BY RANDOMNESS(ISBN=9781400067930) 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

　　Now in a striking new hardcover edition, Fooled by Randomness

is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think

about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb–veteran trader,

renowned risk expert, polymathic scholar, erudite raconteur, and

New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan–has written a

modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck

and skill.

This book is about luck–or more precisely, about how we perceive

and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop

of the most conspicuous forum in which luck is mistaken for

skill–the world of trading–Fooled by Randomness provides

captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all

our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author

tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of

the influence of happenstance on our lives.

The book is populated with an array of characters, some of whom

have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the

baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl

Popper; the ancient world’s wisest man, Solon; the modern financier

George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the

fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in

his professional life but falls victim to his own superstitious

foolishness.

However, the most recognizable character of all remains

unnamed–the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the

right time–he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such

individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their guru’s

insights and methods. But no one can replicate what is obtained by

chance.

Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan from the

genuine visionary? Must we always try to uncover nonexistent

messages in random events? It may be impossible to guard ourselves

against the vagaries of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading

Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.

PRAISE FOR FOOLED BY RANDOMNESS:

Named by Fortune One of the Smartest Books of All Time

A Financial Times Best Business Book of the Year

“[Fooled by Randomness] is to conventional Wall Street wisdom

approximately what Martin Luther’s ninety-five theses were to the

Catholic Church.”

–Malcolm Gladwell, author of Blink

“The book that rolled down Wall Street like a hand

grenade.”

–Maggie Mahar, author of Bull! A History of the Boom,

1982—1999

“Fascinating . . . Taleb will grab you.”

–Peter L. Bernstein, author of Capital Ideas Evolving

“Recalls the best of scientist/essayists like Richard Dawkins . .

. and Stephen Jay Gould.”

–Michael Schrage, author of Serious Play: How the World’s Best

Companies Simulate to Innovate

“We need a book like this. . . . Fun to read, refreshingly

independent-minded.”

–Robert J. Shiller, author of Irrational Exuberance

“Powerful . . . loaded with crackling little insights [and]

extreme brilliance.”

–National Review

“If asked to name the five best books written about markets,

Fooled by Randomness would be on my list.”

–Jack D. Schwager, author of Market Wizards: Interviews with Top

Traders

“Excellent and thought-provoking . . . an entertaining

book.”

–Financial Times

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Nassim Nicholas Taleb has devoted his life to problems of uncertainty, probability, and knowledge. He spent nearly two decades as a businessman and quantitative trader before becoming a full-time philosophical essayist and academic researcher in 2006. Although he spends most of his time in the intense seclusion of his study, or as a flâneur meditating in cafés, he is currently Distinguished Professor of Risk Engineering at New York University’s Polytechnic Institute. His main subject matter is “decision making under opacity”—that is, a map and a protocol on how we should live in a world we don’t understand.

Taleb’s books have been published in thirty-three languages.

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数学主要是一种思考工具，不只是计算工具。

几点结论：

1．在短的时间递进尺度上，我们观察到的是证券组合的易变性，而不是它的回报情况。换句话说，我们只能看到变动，几乎看不到别的。我经常告戒自己，我们所能观察到的，最多只是变动与回报的组合，不会只有回报。

2．我们的情感不具备理解这一点的能力。那个牙科医生每月看一次报表就比不时查看报表时表现得好。也许，他如果一年只看一次报表，他的业绩会更好。

3．当我看见一个投资家用手机或掌上电脑实时监控他的证券组合时，我悄悄地笑了又笑。

牛或熊的术语是由不参与不确定性实践的人使用的，如电视评论员或那些没有处理风险业务经验的人。然而投资人和企业是不能以概率来支付的，他们要以美元支付。所以，关键不在于某个事件是否有可能发生，我们应该关心的是，如果它发生了，那么我们能赚多少钱。获得利润的频率有多高是无关紧要的；要看所实现成果的力度有多大。除了那些评论员们，很少有谁拿回家的支票是与他正确或错误的次数相联系的，这是个纯财会事实。他们拿到的是利润或亏损。对于评论员来说，他们的成功是与他们正确或错误的次数相联系的。这类人包括主要投资银行的"首席策略专家"，人们可以在电视上看到他们，他们比娱乐业的从业人员强不到哪里去。他们有名望，讲话有要有据，在你头脑中播下数字，但是，从功能上来主产，他们的工作就是使你得到娱乐--要想让他们的预报有任何衫价值，他们就需要一个统计测试体系。他们的名气不是来自于某种复杂测试的结果，而来自他们的表述技巧。

我在市场中一辈子所做的事情，最好的形容就是“欹斜下注”（skewed bets），那也就是说，我试图从偶发事件中捞取实惠。偶发事件一般不会经常重复，但是，相应地来说，一旦它们出现就有大的回报。我尽量不经常赚钱，越不经常越好。原因很简单，我相信，偶发事件的价值都不公平，而且越是稀有，它的价格就被定得越低。

如果下面没有坚实的基础，...

根据过去的信息来预测未来时，我们可能太多马虎，也可能太多严格。我无法接受单靠过去一个时间序列，作为未来表现的指针。除了数据，我还需要更多的东西。我的主要理由在于稀有事件，但还有更多的其他理由。

问题在于我们太重视肤浅的近代史，而说出“这种事情以前从未发生”之类的话。如果去看更宽广的历史，我们会发现，某个地方从来没有发生过的事，最好往往会发生。换句话说，历史告诉我们，以前从未发生的事，后来竟然发生了。狭隘的时间序列没有教的东西，历史却教了我们许多。视野越宽广，我们学到的教训就越多。历史教我们不应该像天真的经验论一般，只观察偶然遇到的历史事实。

接受已发生的事是该勇敢对面的事，但这会毁掉他们整个学术生涯辛苦建立起来的观念。他们尽全力为自己辩护，而不是汲取教训从中获利。

下次碰到厄运时，不妨开始强调个人举止的优雅，你应该表现出不管在什么状况都“知道如何生存”。“生意虽少，态度不变。”命运女神唯一不能掌控的是你的行为。

面对日常生活中的细节，我们不需要那么理性，那么讲究科学。只有在可能伤害我们、危及我们生存的状况下，才需要那么做。现代生活似乎诱导我们做出完全相反的事情：面对宗教和个人行为等事物时，我们变得极其务实和理智，面对市场和受随机性影响的事物时，却失去理性。

人类不是被设计来理解事物的，我们只是被设计来求生和繁衍后代，但为了求生存，我们必须夸大某些事情的概率，例如可能影响我们存货的概率事件发生的概率。举例来说，大脑对生命危险特别在意的人（也就是偏执狂），比较能够生存下来，因此他们的基因遗传下去。但是这种偏执狂也不能过头，否则必须付出太高的代价，反而成为缺点。某些偏见已经深深嵌进我们的大脑里，阻碍我们比较复杂、可能需要更精确评估概率的环境。

这些偏见的说法后来在各学科也都获得佐证。由于知觉上的扭曲，人没办法那么理性；我们所说的理性，是指信念协调一致，也就是没有逻辑上的矛盾，而且行为举止符合这些信念。

致富纯粹是自利行为， 不是社会行为。 资本主义的优点在于社会能够善用人们的贪婪， 而不是他们的善行， 同时也不需要颂扬这种贪婪为一种道德或知性成就。

书籍介绍

Now in a striking new hardcover edition, Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb–veteran trader, renowned risk expert, polymathic scholar, erudite raconteur, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan–has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill.

This book is about luck–or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most conspicuous forum in which luck is mistaken for skill–the world of trading– Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives.

The book is populated with an array of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the ancient world’s wisest man, Solon; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own superstitious foolishness.

However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed–the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time–he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their guru’s insights and methods. But no one can replicate what is obtained by chance.

Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan from the genuine visionary? Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events? It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the vagaries of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.

PRAISE FOR FOOLED BY RANDOMNESS :

Named by Fortune One of the Smartest Books of All Time

A Financial Times Best Business Book of the Year

“[ Fooled by Randomness ] is to conventional Wall Street wisdom approximately what Martin Luther’s ninety-five theses were to the Catholic Church.”

–Malcolm Gladwell, author of Blink

“The book that rolled down Wall Street like a hand grenade.”

–Maggie Mahar, author of Bull! A History of the Boom, 1982—1999

“Fascinating . . . Taleb will grab you.”

–Peter L. Bernstein, author of Capital Ideas Evolving

“Recalls the best of scientist/essayists like Richard Dawkins . . . and Stephen Jay Gould.”

–Michael Schrage, author of Serious Play: How the World’s Best Companies Simulate to Innovate

“We need a book like this. . . . Fun to read, refreshingly independent-minded.”

–Robert J. Shiller, author of Irrational Exuberance

“Powerful . . . loaded with crackling little insights [and] extreme brilliance.”

–National Review

“If asked to name the five best books written about markets, Fooled by Randomness would be on my list.”

–Jack D. Schwager, author of Market Wizards: Interviews with Top Traders

“Excellent and thought-provoking . . . an entertaining book.”

–Financial Times